PaoZhu C++ Web Framework

Contents

• Abstract
• Installing Paozhu
• Paozhu Configuration
• Serving Static Files
• SaaS settings
• Getting Started with Paozhu
• Annotation Fundamentals
• Built-in Micro Objects
• Session and Cookie
• GET, POST, and Files
• ORM Introduction
• View Template Guide
• JSON ⇄ struct with json_encode / json_decode
• HttpClient Introduction
• Troubleshooting in C++ Production Environment
• Clean Project Initialization

Abstract

Paozhu (🧨) is a high-performance C++20 web framework built on Asio, with native support for HTTP/1, HTTP/2, and a built-in C++ ORM. It makes writing web programs in C++ straightforward and elegant — something that used to be painful.

Paozhu implements the full stack of web infrastructure: multi-domain binding, SSL certificate management, cookies & sessions, HTML form handling, URL routing, file uploads & downloads, HttpClient, ORM with coroutines, WebSocket support, logging, and an HTML template engine.

The framework is built on C++20, so you get modern language features and full compiler support. It ships with ASAN enabled and all compiler warnings turned on, which makes bugs easier to catch during development; stress tests help surface race conditions. At runtime, you can pair it with coredumpctl to inspect thread stacks. Smart pointers and RAII patterns throughout mean memory leaks and buffer overflows are practically eliminated — we haven't seen any crashes in production.

We chose C++ because it integrates naturally with large-model ecosystems: CUDA, file storage, networking, and raw memory operations are all first-class citizens here. To be fair, every language has tradeoffs. Rust has a steep learning curve and verbose syntax. Go is simple but the ecosystem around AI and large models is shallower. C++ isn't perfect either — but with modern tooling (ASAN, coredumpctl, strict compiler warnings), it's very manageable.

Key Features

1. Native HTTP/2 support.
2. Built-in ORM with a self-implemented MySQL wire protocol; coroutine-ready.
3. Multi-domain management and first-class SaaS support.
4. Dedicated IO threads separated from business logic threads.
5. Built-in micro-object type (like variables in scripting languages) with JSON import/export.
6. Built-in FastCGI for running PHP apps.

Requirements

Paozhu runs on macOS, Linux, and Windows.

Required dependencies:

OpenSSL Zlib Brotli ASIO

Optional dependencies:

GD qrencode

Paozhu requires a C++20-capable compiler.

• MacOS MacOS 11 BigSur above, suggestion MacOS 14 Sonoma
• Ubuntu 22.04 above
• RockyLinux AlmaLinux 9.1 above
• Windows Win10 Compiler 19.25 or above。

Architecture Overview

The framework uses an M:N concurrency model:

                           +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
                           | asio coroutine thread |   | thread pool(business code) |
                           +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
+-----------------------+  +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
| thread accept(80 443) |  | asio coroutine thread |   | thread pool(business code) |
+-----------------------+  +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
                           +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
                           | asio coroutine thread |   | thread pool(business code) |
                           +-----------------------+   +----------------------------+
        

Paozhu uses ASIO's thread pool, which is tuned for IO-heavy work like network I/O. Separately, there is a dedicated business thread pool that handles CPU-bound logic.

At any given moment, two threads are listening on ports 80 and 443 for new connections. When a client connects, the server performs the TLS handshake (for HTTPS), parses the incoming HTTP request, and matches the URL to a registered handler. If the handler is a coroutine, it runs directly on an ASIO worker thread. If it's a regular function, it gets dispatched to the business thread pool. Static file responses are served straight away without going through business threads.

C++20 coroutines are contagious: if your handler is a coroutine, every ORM call inside it must use the async async_* versions. Conversely, regular handler functions must use the synchronous ORM methods — you cannot mix them.

Avoid calling sleep_for or similar blocking calls inside either thread pool, as it stalls other connections on the same thread.

Project Directory Layout

Paozhu is not a separate CLI tool that you install globally — the framework lives inside your project source tree. Every new project should include the full framework codebase.

.
├── asio                          ASIO library file, the framework comes with an ASIO.zip
├── asio.zip
├── bin                           Compiled executable file
├── build
├── cache                         Cache some files, such as compressed HTML and JS files
├── CMakeLists.txt                The configuration file for CMake
├── common                        The public files, such as annotation functions, compilation constants, etc
├── conf                          Framework configuration files such as server.conf, orm.conf, SSL certificate
├── controller                    Router code entry, which can store business code.
├── docs
├── libs                          Store your own business code repository
├── LICENSE
├── log                           Framework access and error logs
├── models                        ORM Object Business Code
├── module                        Storage location for pluggable SO
├── orm                           ORM and database table entity mapping classes
├── README_CN.md
├── README_EN.md
├── README.md 
├── startup                       The main function entry of the framework distinguishes between debugging products and Docker compilation, etc
├── temp                          Framework accepts temporary storage for uploaded files
├── vcpkg-configuration.json
├── vcpkg.json
├── vendor                        Storage of framework main program files and third-party packages
├── view                          Framework view files, mainly used for storing HTML templates
├── viewsrc                       Framework compiled view file
├── websockets                    WebSocket program object storage location
├── www
└── xmake.lua                     XMake configuration
        

Installing Paozhu

Download from GitHub

https://github.com/hggq/paozhu

• MacOS install
• Ubuntu install
• RockyLinux AlmaLinux install
• Windows install

Paozhu Configuration

Paozhu Config file at conf/server.conf

You can first understand a few variables to get the project running.

        [default]
        threadmax=1024
        threadmin=5
        httpport=80
        httpsport=443
        cothreadnum=8 ;Coroutines run on thread num
        
        http2_enable=1
        debug_enable=1
        deamon_enable=0
        mainhost=www.host.com
        certificate_chain_file=www.host.com.pem
        private_key_file=www.host.com.key
        tmp_dh_file=dh4096.pem
        reboot_password=e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e ;md5(md5("123456")+"rand_char"+md5("123456"))
        reboot_cron =d180h5 ;MDSW+Hhours reboot process M month D day S season (1 4 7 10) W week  
        clean_cron  =m5t600 ;5-minute interval clean 600 seconds ago inactive connection
        links_restart_process =n9998877ts1te5 ;More than 15000 connections, restart the process from 1:00 am to 5:00 am
        session_type=1 ;session save type 0.file 1.memory 2.redis 3.memcache 4.reserve
        static_file_compress_cache=1 ;1 enable, Cache static file compress(gzip,br) content to cache directory 
        modelspath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/models
        serverpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu
        viewpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/view
        viewsopath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/module/view
        
        controlpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/controller
        controlsopath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/module/controller
        
        temppath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/temp
        logpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/log
        wwwpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/www/default
        pluginspath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/plugins
        libspath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/libs
        directorylist=1
        index=index.html
        ;usehtmlcache=1
        ;usehtmlcachetime=3600
        staticfile_cache_num=0 ;0 not cache, min 10 begin  
        rewrite_404=0   ;1 file 2 action url path
        rewrite_404_action=index.html
        method_pre=
        method_after=
        show_visitinfo=0
        upload_max_size=16777216
        siteid=1
        groupid=0
        alias_domain=
        init_func=
        [www.host.com]
        wwwpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/www/host.com
        http2_enable=1
        ;rewrite_404=1
        ;rewrite_404_action=index.html|psy/index.html|exam/index.html
        ;controlsopath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/docs/controller
        static_pre=downloadfileauth|upload
        method_pre= ;api/dev/hostcors
        method_after=
        isuse_php=0
        rewrite_php=/Users/hzq/www/mpdftest|index.php
        fastcgi_host=127.0.0.1 ;/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock
        fastcgi_port=9000
        upload_max_size=16777216
        siteid=1
        groupid=0
        alias_domain=
        init_func=
        

        threadmax=1024  Maximum number of business threads
        threadmin=5		 Minimum number of business threads
        httpport=80	    Server listening port
        httpsport=443   SSL server listening port
        cothreadnum=8 ;Coroutines run on thread num 
        

http2_enable=1 Whether to enable HTTP/2, each domain can have its own settings

SSL certificate file, after successful application, it should be placed in the conf directory. For production environments, a copy should be placed in /var/local/etc/paozhu.

        mainhost=www.host.com
        certificate_chain_file=www.host.com.pem
        private_key_file=www.host.com.key
        

reboot_cron Automatic restart process cycle day D week W month M season S h time hour 180 days 5 am restart process links_restart_process If the number of connections is reached, you can also restart the number of connections after n, The ts start period and te end period will restart if they are idle during this period.

        reboot_cron =d180h5 ;MDSW+Hhours reboot process M month D day S season (1 4 7 10) W week  
        clean_cron  =m5t600 ;5-minute interval clean 600 seconds ago inactive connection
        links_restart_process =n9998877ts1te5 ;More than 15000 connections, restart the process from 1:00 am to 5:00 am
        

directorylist=1 Display directory. If the requested static file is a directory name and there is no index.html file in the directory, a directory list will be displayed. It is recommended to set the production environment to 0

wwwpath=/Users/hzq/paozhu/www/default /Users/hzq/paozhu Suggest changing to your current directory name, Under the project, 'www/default' is a static file directory. If it is a multi domain, it is recommended to create a 'www/host.com' setting for SAAS services.

upload_max_size=16777216 Upload file size, default is 16M

Serving Static Files

conf/server.conf In this configuration file, wwwpath It is a path for storing static web files, which can provide WWW services without writing programs. Generally, it stores HTML, JS, CSS, and JPG files, which can be directly opened and accessed using a browser.

All domain websites are stored in the www directory, with a structure similar to the following.

        www
        ├──default
        ├──english
        ├──host.com
        │   └──index.html
        └──japan
        

http://www.host.com/index.html The browser opens index.html in the host.com directory.

SaaS settings

The following are SAAS settings that can be ignored for now .

View using SAAS mode

        siteid=1
        groupid=0
        alias_domain=
        init_func=
        themes = 
        

client.get_siteid(); get siteid

client.get_groupid(); get groupid

client.get_theme(); get theme

client.theme_view(contt std::string &); set theme view file

Beginners only need to understand httpport httpsport wwwpath logpath Ensure that the settings are correct, Replace all '/Users/hzq/paozhu' with your directory.

Getting Started with Paozhu

Hello World Example

Paozhu uses annotation to associate URLs with functions, turning a function into an annotated function with just one line.

//@urlpath(null,plaintext)

Example of controller/src/techepower.cpp file in project directory

        #include "techempower.h"       
        //@urlpath(null,plaintext)
        asio::awaitable<std::string> techempowerplaintext(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            peer->type("text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
            peer->set_header("Date", get_gmttime());
            peer->output = "Hello, World!";
            co_return "";
        }
        
        

Annotation Fundamentals

All controller files must live under controller/src/. Each .cpp file must #include a header matching its own filename (e.g. techempower.cpp includes "techempower.h") — that header is auto-generated during the build.

Here's how the magic works: CMake runs a preprocessor binary ahead of the real compilation. That tool scans every file in controller/src/, looks for functions tagged with //@urlpath(null, plaintext), generates the corresponding header files, and writes the URL → function mapping into common/autocontrolmethod.hpp.

If this feels familiar — it's basically Spring Boot's annotation-based routing, ported to C++. No manual registration, no hand-written headers.

How to Read //@urlpath(pre, path)

The first argument is a pre-filter — a function that runs before the main handler. null means "no pre-filter". So //@urlpath(null, plaintext) means "register the function below at /plaintext, no prerequisites."

Now take a protected admin page: //@urlpath(islogin, admin/main) means "run islogin first; if it returns ok, proceed to admin/main. Otherwise the request is rejected."

        //@urlpath(null, islogin)
        asio::awaitable<std::string> checklogin(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
        
            if(peer->session["userid"].to_int()>0)
            {
                 co_return "ok";
            } 
        
            client << "You must login";
        
            co_return "";
        }
        

A few notes on the code above:

• asio::awaitable<std::string> marks this handler as a coroutine — it runs directly on an ASIO worker thread, never on the business thread pool. Keep heavy computation out of coroutines; that's what regular functions are for.
• peer->session["userid"] reads a value from the user's session (set at login).
• client << "You must login"; uses the overloaded << operator; the string ends up in peer->output.
• co_return "" exits the coroutine. Always return an empty string from coroutine handlers unless you know what you're doing.

Here's the regular-function version. The return type is plain std::string, which tells the framework to dispatch it to the business thread pool (one thread per connection). This is the safe default for CPU-heavy work or blocking ORM calls.

For CPU-intensive tasks, prefer the regular-function route — otherwise you'll starve the IO threads and hurt overall concurrency. And never call std::this_thread::sleep_for(...) inside a coroutine; it blocks the ASIO worker for everyone.

        //@urlpath(null,hello)
        std::string testhello(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            client << " Hello world! 🧨 Paozhu c++ web framework ";
        
            return "";
        }
        
        

For more code usage cases, please refer to the examples in the controller/src directory

Compile your first project

Operate in the root directory of your project.

        mkdir build
        cd build
        cmake ..
        make  
        

The compilation is complete, and the server program can now be started. Please pay attention to the execution permissions of the program.

        cd ..
        MacOS #./bin/paozhu 
        Linux #sudo ./bin/paozhu 
        

Introduction to Built-in Micro Objects

        http::obj_val hval;
        hval["aaa"]=3344;
        hval["bbb"]="1234567890";
        
        std::cout<<"ll:"<<hval["aaa"].to_int()<<std::endl;
        std::cout<<"vv:|"<<static_cast<int>(hval["bbb"].get_type())<<"|"<<std::endl;
        if(hval["bbb"].is_string())
        {
            std::cout<<"str:"<<hval["bbb"].to_string()<<std::endl;
            std::cout<<"str:"<<hval["bbb"].str_view()<<std::endl;
            std::cout<<"str:"<<hval["bbb"].str_view(2,5)<<std::endl;
        }
        
        http::obj_val nval;
        nval.from_json("{\"bba\":[[[111,222],[333,444],[555,666]],[[777,888],[999,1111],[2222,3333]],[[4444,5555],[6666,7777],[8888,9999]]]}");
        
        std::cout<<"json out:"<<nval.to_json()<<std::endl;
        
        std::string bbb=nval.to_json();
        http::obj_val pval;
        pval.from_json(bbb);
        

http::obj_val is a built-in micro object in the framework that can be used to import and export from_json and to_json object conversions.

Does it have a scripting language flavor? It can save values and strings, and can also save tree structures.

http::obj_val is 16bytes size，one KV Object 64bytes size。

hval["aaa"] is KV Object。

http::obj_val Built in methods for objects

• set_array() set is array and push(v)
• set_obj() set is KV and use push(k,v) or obj[key]=value
• set_object() set is KV and use push(k,v) or obj[key]=value

More methods

• is_array() it is an array or not
• is_obj() it is an object or not
• is_object() it is an object or not
• is_string() it is an string or not
• is_number() it is an number or not

Typical usage and HTML template usage

        client.val["list"].set_array();
                obj_val temp;
        
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < topicm.record.size(); i++)
                {
                    temp["id"]       = topicm.record[i].topicid;
                    temp["parentid"] = topicm.record[i].parentid;
                    temp["value"]    = topicm.record[i].title;
                    client.val["list"].push(temp);
                }
        

Using in HTML templates

<%c for(auto &a:obj["infos"].as_array()){ %>
        <tr>
          <td><%c echo<<a["userid"].to_string(); %></td>
          <td><%c echo<<a["nickname"].to_string(); %></td>
          <td><%c echo<<a["name"].to_string(); %></td>
          <td><%c if(a["isopen"].to_int()==1){ %>Open<%c }else{ %>Close<%c } %></td>
          <td><a href="/superadmin/edituser?userid=<%c echo<<a["userid"].to_string(); %>">Edit</a> | <a href="/superadmin/deleteuser?userid=<%c echo<<a["userid"].to_string(); %>" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure delete？');">Delete</a></td>
        </tr>
        <%c } %>
        

Micro Objects advanced methods

• obj_val multi_sort(std::string_view key,unsigned char order); 2D array key name sorting, order is SORT_ASC or SORT_DESC.
• obj_val multi_sort(std::string_view key,unsigned char order,std::string_view key2,unsigned char order2); 2D array key name sorting, order is SORT_ASC or SORT_DESC, If there is the same secondary sorting,need key2 and order2.

Micro Objects advanced methods example

            http::obj_val zval4;
            zval4.set_array();
            float s[6]={83.3,77.75,60.45,83.3,77.75,45.6};
            for(unsigned int jjj=0;jjj<6;jjj++)
            {
                http::obj_val z4;
                z4.set_object();
                z4["name"]="sss"+std::to_string(jjj);
                z4["score"]=s[jjj];
                z4["id"]=jjj+10;
                zval4.push(z4);
            }
            http::obj_val zval5=zval4.multi_sort("score",SORT_ASC);

            std::cout<<"------"<<std::endl;
            if(zval5.is_array())
            {
                std::cout<<"multi_sort score result: "<<zval5.size()<<std::endl;
                for(auto &a:zval5.as_array())
                {
                    if(a.is_object())
                    {
                        for(auto &[aa,bb]:a.as_object())
                        {
                            std::cout<<"zval5["<<aa<<"]="<< bb.to_string()<<std::endl;
                        }
                    }
                    std::cout<<std::endl;
                }
            }

            http::obj_val zval6=zval4.multi_sort("score",SORT_ASC,"id",SORT_DESC);
            std::cout<<"------"<<std::endl;
            if(zval6.is_array())
            {
                std::cout<<"multi_sort score id result: "<<zval6.size()<<std::endl;
                for(auto &a:zval6.as_array())
                {
                    if(a.is_object())
                    {
                        for(auto &[aa,bb]:a.as_object())
                        {
                            std::cout<<"zval6["<<aa<<"]="<< bb.to_string()<<std::endl;
                        }
                    }
                    std::cout<<std::endl;
                }
            }
            std::cout<<"------"<<std::endl;
        

Mainly used for complex object swapping programs, if it is not a complex object, C++ built-in POD, class objects, or STL library methods can be used.

Session and Cookie

The difference between Session and Cookie is that session data is stored on the server side, cookie data is stored on the browser side, and cookie data has a limited size of 4Kb.

Example file controller/src/testsessionid.cpp

        //@urlpath(null,testsetsession)
        std::string testsetsession(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            client << "hello world!  add cookie ";
            client << client.get_hosturl();

            int semid = client.get["aaa"].to_int();
            if (semid != 0)
            {
                client.session["aaa"] = semid;
                client << "<br />set session 2222 ";
            }
            else
            {
                client.session["aaa"] = 1111;
            }

            client.save_session();
            client << "<p><a href=\"" << client.get_hosturl() << "/testsetsession?aaa=2222\">2222 session</a></p>";
            client.set_cookie("ccbb", "123456abc", 7200 * 24);
            client.set_cookie("same", "samesite", 7200 * 24, "/", client.host, false, true, "Lax");
            client.set_header("server", "cpphttp");
            client << "<p><a href=\"" << client.get_hosturl() << "/testshowsession\">show</a></p>";
            client << "<p><a href=\"" << client.get_hosturl() << "/testshowsession?sessionid=" << client.get_session_id()
                << "\">session(" << client.get_session_id() << ")</a></p>";
            client << "<p>session aaa:|" << client.session.to_json() << "|</p>";
            return "";
        }
        //@urlpath(null,testshowsession)
        std::string testshowsession(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            client << "hello world!  show cookie<br/>";
            client << "<p><a href=\"" << client.get_hosturl() << "/testsetsession\">add cookie</a></p>";
            client << "<p>session aaa:|" << client.session.to_json() << "|</p>";
            client << "<p>session aaa:|" << client.session["aaa"].to_string() << "|</p>";
            client << "<p>session_id:|" << client.get_session_id() << "|</p>";

            client << "<p>cookie same:" << client.cookie["same"] << "</p>";
            client << "<p>cookie ccbb:" << client.cookie["ccbb"] << "</p>";

            std::string semid = client.get["sessionid"].as_string();
            if (!semid.empty())
            {
                client.set_session_id(semid);
                client << "<p>new session_id:|" << client.get_session_id() << "|</p>";
                client << "<p>new session aaa:|" << client.session["aaa"] << "|</p>";
                client << "<p>cookie same:" << client.cookie["same"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>cookie ccbb:" << client.cookie["ccbb"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>session aaa:|" << client.session.to_json() << "|</p>";
            }
            client.view("cookie/show");
            return "";
        }
        

save_session() save session values to disk or memory.

GET, POST, and Files

The framework has three built-in methods for handling HTML data transmission and processing, all of which are built-in micro objects of type http::obj_val, The three objects are client.get[] client.post[] client.files[]

URL parameter value transmission, use client.get[] get values, example http://www.xxx.com/aa?username=root&userid=1111 use client.get["username"].to_string() and client.get["userid"].to_int() get the values.

HTML form post data use client.post[] get the values

Example file www/default/testpost.html, The HTML code is as follows.

        <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="form1" id="form1" action="/tfilepost">
        <p>
        <label for="textfield">Text Field:</label>
        <input type="text" name="textfield" id="textfield">
        </p>
        <p>
        <label for="textfield">Text Field:</label>
        <input type="text" name="aa[]" id="textfield1">
        </p>
        <p>
        <label for="textfield">Text Field:</label>
        <input type="text" name="aa[]" id="textfield2">
        </p>
            <p>
        <label for="textfield">Text Field:</label>
        <input type="text" name="aa[8]" id="textfield3">
        </p>
        <p>
        <label for="textarea">Text Area:</label>
        <textarea name="textarea" id="textarea"></textarea>
        </p>
        <p>
        <label for="fileField">File:</label>
        <input type="file" name="fileField" id="fileField">
        </p>
        <p>&nbsp;</p>
        <p>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" id="submit" value="Submit">
        </p>
    </form>
    

Server side receives form data code, Pay attention to the usage of the value of client.post["aa"].

Example file controller/src/testformpost.cpp

        //@urlpath(null,tfilepost)
        std::string testformmultipart(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            client << "hello world! multipart/form-data ";

            try
            {
                client << "<p>--------------</p>";
                client << "<p>";
                client << client.post.to_json();
                client << "</p>";
                client << "<p>textfield:" << client.post["textfield"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>aa[]:" << client.post["aa"][0] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>aa[]:" << client.post["aa"][1] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>aa[8]:" << client.post["aa"][8] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>textarea:" << client.post["textarea"] << "</p>";

                client << "<p>fileField:name:" << client.files["fileField"]["name"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>fileField:filename:" << client.files["fileField"]["filename"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>fileField:tempfile:" << client.files["fileField"]["tempfile"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>fileField:size:" << client.files["fileField"]["size"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>fileField:error:" << client.files["fileField"]["error"] << "</p>";

                client << "<p>submit:" << client.post["submit"] << "</p>";
                client << "<p>--------------</p>";
            }
            catch (std::exception &e)
            {
                client << "<p>" << e.what() << "</p>";
                return "";
            }
            catch (const char *e)
            {
                client << "<p>" << e<< "</p>";
                return "";
            }
            return "";
        }
        

client.files["fileField"]["tempfile"] save to temporary path on the server side, use std::filesystem::rename(client.files["fileField"]["tempfile"].as_string(), newfilepath) function, Save to the correct server side location.

ORM Introduction

The data imported in the installation environment section.

The paozhu framework comes with built-in ORM objects and utilizes the built-in MySQL protocol library, eliminating the need for third-party libraries and facilitating integration with ORM. It also supports C++ Coroutine mode. The MySQL official client does not support Coroutines.

Config file at conf/orm.conf

        [default]
        type=main
        host=127.0.0.1
        port=3306
        dbname=hello_world
        user=benchmarkdbuser
        password=benchmarkdbpass
        pretable=
        maxpool=5
        dbtype=mysql
        charset=utf8mb4
        #ssl=ON
        
        type=second
        host=127.0.0.1
        port=3306
        dbname=hello_world
        user=benchmarkdbuser
        password=benchmarkdbpass
        pretable=
        maxpool=20
        dbtype=mysql
        charset=utf8mb4
        #ssl=ON
        

ORM Configuration

type The type is Master-Slave Replication and cache synchronization can be developed in the future. Currently, master-slave is preferred. Host '127.0.0.1' fills in the local address, MySQL must be greater than or equal to version 8 because MySQL 9 does not support old authentication, So Paozhu C++ ORM only supports new authentication methods.

pretable It is a table prefix, sometimes only one database permission can store multiple businesses in one database.

dbtype Currently supports MySQL.

SSL can be opened, especially when connecting remotely, enabling encrypted connections. Local SSL connections will not be enabled.

ORM Usage

The framework currently supports database to create cpp file conversion, so modifying the database can regenerate ORM files.

After the project is successfully compiled, the following method can be used to generate cpp files.

        # ./bin/paozhu_cli 
        
        paozhu_cli(1495,0x7ff85ac38fc0) malloc: nano zone abandoned due to inability to reserve vm space.
          model ｜ view | viewtocpp | control   
         Welcome to use cli to manage your MVC files。
        (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:
        

Enter m to select and generate ORM model file

        paozhu_cli(1495,0x7ff85ac38fc0) malloc: nano zone abandoned due to inability to reserve vm space.
          model ｜ view | viewtocpp | control   
         Welcome to use cli to manage your MVC files。
        (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:m   
         🍄 current path: /Users/hzq/paozhu
         1 hello_world
         3 paozhu_docs
         5 cppcms
        select db index:
        

Enter 1 to select the hello-world database to generate the file.

paozhu_cli(1495,0x7ff85ac38fc0) malloc: nano zone abandoned due to inability to reserve vm space.
          model ｜ view | viewtocpp | control   
         Welcome to use cli to manage your MVC files。
        (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:m
         🍄 current path: /Users/hzq/paozhu
         1 hello_world
         3 paozhu_docs
         5 cppcms
        select db index:1
        show tables;
        create fortune table to models 🚗
         create table metainfo file: /Users/hzq/paozhu/orm/include/fortune_base.h
        create world table to models 🚗
         create table metainfo file: /Users/hzq/paozhu/orm/include/world_base.h
        (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:x
        

Enter x to exit

You can see the generated files in orm directory.

        orm
        ├── include
        │   ├── fortune_mysql.h
        │   ├── fortune_base.h
        │   ├── world_mysql.h
        │   └── world_base.h
        ├── orm.h
        │
        models
        ├── Fortune.cpp
        ├── World.cpp
        └── include
            ├── Fortune.h
            └── World.h
        

The ORM directory is an entity file, consisting of two files: one is the end of the mysql.h for operating database query interfaces, and the other is the end of the data table entity mapping base.h, which is also an interface for operating query results. When updating this directory file, it will be overwritten because it corresponds one-to-one with the database table structure

The models directory is the business code file, and we actually manipulate the files in the models directory. These two files, one cpp and one h, are automatically generated, but they are only generated once and will not be overwritten. In our own project system, we can add business code to them.

For example

auto myworld = orm::World(); models directory World.h

This is the default database, such as the built-in CMS demo auto users = orm::cms::Sysuser();

orm is namespae, Mainly used for ORM business CMS is the orm.conf file database configuration tag and also the generated CMS namespace, which facilitates database isolation and transformation. If it is [default], default can be omitted

ORM Design Principles

Why is it designed in this way? Actually, it is also a unique design of the Paozhu framework compared to other Framework.

1. A database can have multiple connections, so we don't have to know which connection to use.
2. The database name may be very long, for example, a cloud host may automatically generate a database name that is tens of characters long, even with underscores.
3. Personalized tags can be used, so that the name of the database is not important anymore.
4. We use it to create namespace isolation table objects, so that many C++classes generated by databases do not conflict.
5. ORM designs powerful and elegant chain writing, while Go and Rust have design flaws that prevent the use of chain writing.

So orm::cms::Sysuser(); Using CMS to isolate the 'sysuser' table entity C++ class will not conflict with tables with the same name in other databases. For example, orm::erp::Sysuser(); ERP is an ERP database tag, and the name of its database is not important, It doesn't matter if there is also a sysuser table.

The reason for this design is that it is a business system, a single server program that can have many databases, and their table names can have duplicate names. In the future, there can be different databases, such as MySQL PG, which can be distributed on other machines. They can mix clusters, and individual server programs can also be clustered, because they have built-in read-write separation, and the write servers can be the same, Querying can allocate database servers in a fixed or dynamic manner, and the framework can be suitable for large business systems. Currently, the focus is on integrating a server with a database and business programs.

ORM does not have multi table join queries and requires manual writing of multi table queries. This may result in one or more additional queries at the beginning of the design, mainly due to fast in and fast out, which makes it easy to hit the cache and is in line with the current storage computing separation design. It also performs smoothly under high pressure, and novice programmers will not encounter any problems when writing business code.

ORM Usage Examples

The table model has two important member variables

• data is a mapping of a single table data structure
• record is a std::vector array

Table Data Structure and Data table entity structure

        mysql> select * from world where 1 limit 1;
        +----+--------------+
        | id | randomNumber |
        +----+--------------+
        |  1 |         3562 |
        +----+--------------+
        

Reference file orm/include/world_base.h

        struct meta{
         unsigned  int  id = 0; 
         int  randomnumber = 0;  
        } data;
        
        std::vector<world_base::meta> record;
        

ORM use for Coroutine

        //@urlpath(null,queries)
        asio::awaitable<std::string> techempowerqueries(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            peer->type("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
            peer->set_header("Date", get_gmttime());
        
            unsigned int get_num = peer->get["queries"].to_int();
            if (get_num == 0)
            {
                get_num = 1;
            }
            else if (get_num > 500)
            {
                get_num = 500;
            }
            auto myworld = orm::World();
            myworld.record.reserve(get_num);
            myworld.lock_conn();
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num; i++)
            {
                myworld.wheresql.clear();
                unsigned int rd_num = rand_range(1, 10000);
                myworld.where("id", rd_num);
                co_await myworld.async_fetch_append();
            }
            myworld.unlock_conn();
            peer->output = myworld.to_json();
            co_return "";
        }
        

• orm::World(); It is an ORM table model with default connections, so there is no need for default
• myworld.lock_conn(); It's about fixing a connection, because using ORM connection pool method will rotate the use of connections.
• myworld.record.reserve(get_num); The std::vector reserve。
• myworld.wheresql.clear(); Recommend using myworld.clearWhere() Method to clear conditions。
• myworld.where("id", rd_num); Add where。
• co_await myworld.async_fetch_append(); It is an advanced usage that will attach data to the record object. Generally, co_await myworld.async_fetch(); is used` It will clear the record object and then reassign it.

peer->output = myworld.to_json(); Directly output JSON to the browser.

Synchronize the use of ORM

Normal business code runs in a thread, one thread by one connect at a time, which is a classic way.

        //@urlpath(admin_islogin,admin/addtopic)
        std::string admin_addtopic(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            try
            {
                auto topicm = orm::cms::Topic();
                topicm.where("userid", client.session["userid"].to_int()).asc("parentid").fetch();
        
                client.val["list"].set_array();
                obj_val temp;
        
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < topicm.record.size(); i++)
                {
                    temp["id"]       = topicm.record[i].topicid;
                    temp["parentid"] = topicm.record[i].parentid;
                    temp["value"]    = topicm.record[i].title;
                    client.val["list"].push(temp);
                }
            }
            catch (std::exception &e)
            {
                client.val["code"] = 1;
            }
        
            peer->view("admin/addtopic");
            return "";
        }
        

httppeer &client = peer->get_peer(); Reference connection object

auto topicm = orm::cms::Topic(); Create an ORM model object, with the model source file located in the models directory,Topic is the database table name，If a prefix is set, the framework will automatically remove it,topicm.where add sql where，asc("parentid").fetch() order parentid asc query ，.fetch() send query command。

Page usage

If you don't want so much data to be paginated and retrieved, especially for network services that require bandwidth or CPU resources，It is best to use it as needed .select("fieldname1,fieldname2") Retrieve field data, use .limit(pos,offset) for range.

Use .page(page, 10, 5) It has been automatically added .limit(pos,offset) to sql string,now only input page number.

auto [bar_min, bar_max, current_page, total_page] = artmodel.page(page, 10, 5);
        
        client.val["pageinfo"].set_object();
        client.val["pageinfo"]["min"]     = bar_min;
        client.val["pageinfo"]["max"]     = bar_max;
        client.val["pageinfo"]["current"] = current_page;
        client.val["pageinfo"]["total"]   = total_page;
        

.page(page, 10, 5) Return four numerical values,bar_min bar_max The range is determined by the input of 5, It consists of two pages of windows, with 10 per page,

ORM where Other Methods

whereLike(fieldname,searchword) It's equivalent to and fieldname '%searchword%' alias

whereAnd It's equivalent to and fieldname = val alias

whereIn iIt's equivalent to and fieldname IN(val) alias

whereLT(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to and fieldname < val alias

whereLE(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to and fieldname <= val alias

whereOrLT(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to OR fieldname < val alias

whereOrLE(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to OR fieldname <= val alias

whereBT(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to and fieldname > val alias

whereBE(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to and fieldname >= val alias

whereOrBT(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to OR fieldname > val alias

whereOrBE(const std::string &wq, const std::string &val) It's equivalent to OR fieldname >= val alias

ORM Execute Command

Synchronous mode

fetch() Get multiple results to variable record

fetch_one() Get a result to variable data

save() Insert variable data into database table

update("field1,field2...") Update fields in variable data to the database

remove() Delete data from the table and match it with the where condition

Coroutine mode

async_fetch() Get multiple results to variable record using coroutine method

async_fetch_one() Get a result to variable data through coroutine method

async_save() Insert variable data into database table using coroutine method

async_update("field1,field2...") Update fields in variable data to the database using coroutine method

async_remove() Delete data from the table and match it with the where condition using coroutine method

For more information, please refer to the methods in the file ending with mysql.h in the ORM directory.

ORM insertion and update

Reference documents controller/src/superadmin/supermain.cpp Example of data insertion.

        //@urlpath(superadmin_islogin,superadmin/adduserpost)
        std::string superadmin_adduserpost(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
            unsigned int sid = client.post["sid"].to_int();
            auto stinfo      = orm::cms::Siteinfo();

            stinfo.where("agentid", client.session["superid"].to_int()).whereAnd("sid", sid).fetch_one();
            if (stinfo.data.userid == 0)
            {
                client.goto_url("/superadmin/welcome", 3, "No site information!");
                return "";
            }

            std::string expdate = str_trim(client.post["expectdate"].to_string());
            if (!check_isodate(expdate))
            {
                expdate = get_date("%Y-%m-%d");
            }

            auto uinfo = orm::cms::Sysuser();

            std::string username = client.post["username"].to_string();
            std::string password = client.post["password"].to_string();
            uinfo.where("name", username).fetch_one();
            std::string urlmsg = "/superadmin/adduser?sid=";
            urlmsg.append(std::to_string(sid));
            if (uinfo.data.adminid > 0)
            {
                client.goto_url(urlmsg, 3, "The username already exists!");
                return "";
            }
            if (username.size() > 26 || username.size() < 4)
            {
                client.goto_url(urlmsg, 3, "The username must be between 4 and 20!");
                return "";
            }
            if (password.size() > 20 || password.size() < 6)
            {
                client.goto_url(urlmsg, 3, "The password must be between 4 and 20!");
                return "";
            }
            uinfo.clear();
            uinfo.data.name            = username;
            uinfo.data.password        = md5(password);
            uinfo.data.isopen          = client.post["isopen"].to_int() == 1 ? 1 : 0;
            uinfo.data.companyid       = sid;
            uinfo.data.textword        = password;
            uinfo.data.created_at      = timeid();
            uinfo.data.enddate         = strtotime(expdate);
            uinfo.data.nickname        = client.post["nickname"].to_string();
            uinfo.data.mobile          = client.post["mobile"].to_string();
            uinfo.data.email           = client.post["email"].to_string();
            auto [effect_num, last_id] = uinfo.save();
            if (effect_num == 0)
            {
                client.goto_url(urlmsg, 3, "Save error!");
                return "";
            }
            urlmsg = "/superadmin/listuser?sid=";
            urlmsg.append(std::to_string(sid));
            client.goto_url(urlmsg, 3, "User added successfully!");
            return "";
        }
        

auto [effect_num, last_id] = uinfo.save(); The method returns a tuple value, where effectod_num represents the number of rows inserted, and last_id represents the self increasing id of the first inserted data.

Reference documents controller/src/admin/topics.cpp Example of data update.

        //@urlpath(admin_isloginjson,admin/updatetopicview)
        std::string admin_updatetopicview(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
        {
            httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();

            try
            {
                auto topicm          = orm::cms::Topic();
                unsigned char isview = client.post["isview"].to_int() > 0 ? 1 : 0;

                topicm.setIsview(isview);
                topicm.where("userid", client.session["userid"].to_int()).whereAnd("topicid", client.get["id"].to_int());
                client.val["code"] = topicm.update("isview");
                client.val["msg"]  = "ok";
            }
            catch (std::exception &e)
            {
                client.val["code"] = 0;
            }
            client.out_json();
            return "";
        }

        

client.val["code"] = topicm.update("isview"); update("filed1,field2...") Indicates the need to update fields

Paozhu Framework View Beginner's Guide

Paozhu, as a C++web framework framework, is the MVC pattern, which now refers to the view function of V

1、View Description

It is the content displayed to the browser, which is actually HTML content, similar to PHP scripting language output. So how do we operate C++? We put C++code in HTML and compile it into a C++. cpp file, which is resident in memory. This is also very fast. Hundreds of view files only require a few MB of memory, and one company project is about 1000 pages. It is estimated to have less than 10MB of memory, and if running in a scripting language, it will require a large amount of I/O to read files. The framework compiles it directly into a program without the need for I/O reading, which is extremely fast.

2、Create View File

We are in the view directory

Create a login directory and then create a login.html file in the login directory

        view
        └── login
            └── login.html
        

Probably like this

login.html file content

        <!doctype html>
        <html lang="en">
          <head>
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
            <meta name="description" content="">
            <meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
            <meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.101.0">
            <title>Content Management System</title>
        
            <link href="/assets/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
          </head>
          <body class="text-center">
            <%c include_sub("home/header",obj); %>
            <div class="container text-center">
              <div class="row">
                <div class="col-3"></div>  
                <div class="col-6">
                  <h2 id="horizontal-form">CMS Admin </h2>
                  <form action="/cms/loginpost" method="post">
                    <div class="row mb-3">
                      <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Username</label>
                      <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username" value="admin">
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="row mb-3">
                      <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label">Password</label>
                      <div class="col-sm-10">
                        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" value="123456">
                      </div>
                    </div>
        
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
                  </form>
              
                </div>
         
              </div>
            </div>
        
          </body>
          </html>
        
        
        

include_sub("home/header",obj);

The description also includes a subpage, and we will create a subpage directory called home in the view

        view
        ├── home
        │   └── header.html
        └── login
            └── login.html    
        

Probably like this

The content of header.html is actually the header information of the webpage

        <style>
          ul {
              list-style-type: none;
              margin: 0;
              padding: 0;
              overflow: hidden;
              background-color: #333;
          }
          
          li {
              float: left;
              border-right:1px solid #bbb;
          }
          
          li:last-child {
              border-right: none;
          }
          
          li a {
              display: block;
              color: white;
              text-align: center;
              padding: 14px 16px;
              text-decoration: none;
          }
          
          li a:hover:not(.active) {
              background-color: #111;
          }
          
          .active {
              background-color: #4CAF50;
          }
          </style>
        <ul>
          <li><a class="active" href="/">HOME</a></li>
          <li><a href="#news">News</a></li>
          <li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
          <li style="float:right"><a href="#about">About</a></li>
        </ul>
        
        <h3> subpage include_sub("home/header")Nav test |<%c echo<<vinfo.get["aa"].to_string(); %>| </h3>
             
         
        

echo<<vinfo.get["aa"].to_string();

This is the view tag C++code included in <%c %>

echo is a buffer, which is assembled together with the external HTML

Convert to C++ code

It's like this

        echo<<"Nav test |";
        echo<<vinfo.get["aa"].to_string();
        echo<<"| </h3>";
         

You can refer to the viewsrc/view/home/head.cpp code for details.

3、 Compile view to cpp file

Run in the root directory of the website

./bin/paozhu_cli

Select 'f' to generate files

        ./bin/paozhu_cli
        ./bin/paozhu_cli  model ｜ view | viewtocpp | control   
         🎉 Welcome to use cli to manage your MVC files。
        (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|]:f
         🍄 current path: /Users/hzq/paozhu
        1 [+] view/home/header.html 	 time: 2022-12-12 13:1:41
        2 [+] view/login/login.html 	 time: 2022-12-12 13:1:26
         please input number to parse to cpp file.
         a update all , example: 1 3 4 5 enter key, q or x to exit,r reload 
         input number:a
        
        

We input f and compile it directly with the framework.

Then enter a, and all modified or newly created view files will be converted to cpp files

The file is saved in the viewsrc directory

        viewsrc
        ├── include
        │   ├── regviewmethod.hpp
        │   └── viewsrc.h
        └── view
            ├── home
            │   └── header.cpp
            └── login
                └── login.cpp
        

Probably like this

The login.html header.html files have been converted to cpp files

Two files in the include directory

Viewsrc.h is the definition of all view file functions

regviewmethod.hpp is a view registration function that the framework calls to register with the framework

Content of viewsrc.h file

        #ifndef __HTTP_VIEWSRC_ALL_METHOD_H
        #define __HTTP_VIEWSRC_ALL_METHOD_H
        
        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
        #pragma once
        #endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
        
        #include<string>
        #include<map>
        #include<functional>
        #include "request.h"
        #include "viewso_param.h"
        
        namespace http { 
        namespace view { 
        
        namespace home{ 
        
            std::string header(const struct view_param &vinfo,http::obj_val &obj);
        }
        
        namespace login{ 
        
            std::string login(const struct view_param &vinfo,http::obj_val &obj);
        }
        
        
        }
        
        }
        #endif
        
        

You can see that the views are all placed in the namespace, so there is no conflict between the view files in one directory and those in other directories with the same name.

regviewmethod.hpp registration function file content

        #ifndef __HTTP_REG_VIEW_METHOD_HPP
        #define __HTTP_REG_VIEW_METHOD_HPP
        
        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
        #pragma once
        #endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
        
        #include<string>
        #include<map>
        #include<functional>
        #include "request.h"
        #include "viewso_param.h"
        #include "viewmethold_reg.h"
        #include "viewsrc.h"
        
        namespace http
        {
          void _initview_method_regto(VIEW_REG  &_viewmetholdreg)
          {
                         //create time: Mon, 12 Dec 2022 05:01:53 GMT
        
            _viewmetholdreg.emplace("home/header",http::view::home::header);
            _viewmetholdreg.emplace("login/login",http::view::login::login);
        
            } 
        }
        #endif
        
        

Two functions are registered on the callback function, which means a view file is a function

Directory name and file name form a registration point

Login/login is a registration point

Controller peer->view("login/login"); calling method.

4、 View testing

We have created the view, now let's test it

Follow the introductory chapter of Hello World

controller/srcDirectory create testview.cpp file

Probably like this

testview.cpp

#include <chrono>
        #include <thread>
        #include "httppeer.h"
        #include "testview.h"
        namespace http
        {
               //@urlpath(null,testview)
              std::string testloginview(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
              {
                    httppeer &client = peer->getpeer();
                    client << " view test ";
                    // client << client.gethosturl();
                    // client<<"<p><a href=\""<<client.gethosturl()<<"/showcookie\">show</a></p>";
        
                    peer->view("login/login");
                    return "";
              }
        
        }
        
        

Map testview to testloginview function, the two names can be different.

http://localhost/testview You can access our testloginview function

5、Compile

Everything is ready, let's start compiling

Return to the project root directory and enter the build directory

cmake ..

make

Then go back to the root directory or open a new Terminal Command

cd ..

./bin/paozhu #In Linux use: sudo ./bin/paozhu

Open with a browser

http://localhost/testview

You can see the content of the view now

                #ifndef LIBS_DEPARTMENT_TYPE_H
                #define LIBS_DEPARTMENT_TYPE_H
                #include <iostream>
                #include <string>
                #include <vector>
                #include <sstream>
                #include <sstream>
                #include "unicode.h"
                
                namespace psy
                { 
                //@reflect json to_json from_json
                struct department_outjson_t
                {
                  unsigned int id          = 0;
                  unsigned int key         = 0;
                  unsigned int value       = 0;
                  unsigned int parentid    = 0;
                  unsigned int bianzhi_num = 0;
                  bool isopen              = true;
                  bool _is_use             = false;
                  std::string title;
                  std::string desc;
                  std::vector<department_outjson_t> children;
                  std::string to_json(std::string aa="",int offset=0);
                  unsigned int from_json()
                  {
                        //**aaaaa
                        /*
                        aaaa [][}]
                        */
                        char b='}';
                        if(b=='{')
                        {
                            std::cout<<"assss}sss}{ssss}sss}"<<std::endl;
                        }
                        return 0;
                  }
                };
                
                //@reflect json to_json from_json
                struct department_listoutjson_t
                {
                  unsigned int code=0;
                  struct department_tables
                  {
                    std::vector<department_outjson_t> list;
                    unsigned int total=0;
                  } data;
                  std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> names;
                };
                
                } // namespace psy
                #endif            
            

            sudo ./bin/paozhu_cli
            

            ./bin/paozhu_cli  model | view | viewtocpp | control   
            🎉 Welcome to use cli to manage your MVC files。
            (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:
            

            1 /Users/hzq/paozhu/libs/department/department_type_jsonreflect.cpp
            (m)model (v)view (f)viewtocpp or (c)control , (j)son ,x or q to exit[input m|v|f|c|j|]:
            

            #include <chrono>
            #include <thread>
            #include "httppeer.h"
            #include "testjsonreflect.h"
            #include "json_reflect_headers.h"
            #include "array_to_tree.h"
            namespace http
            {
            //@urlpath(null,testjsonreflect)
            std::string testjsonreflect(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
            {
                httppeer &client = peer->getpeer();
                // client << " json reflect 🧨 Paozhu c++ web framework ";
    
                psy::department_outjson_t deps_json_one;
                std::vector<psy::department_outjson_t> depsjsonlist;
    
                deps_json_one.id          = 38;
                deps_json_one.key         = 38;
                deps_json_one.value       = 38;
                deps_json_one.parentid    = 0;
                deps_json_one.isopen      = true;
                deps_json_one.title       = "First Item";
                deps_json_one.desc        = "First Item";
                deps_json_one.bianzhi_num = 12;
    
                depsjsonlist.push_back(deps_json_one);
    
                deps_json_one.id          = 48;
                deps_json_one.key         = 48;
                deps_json_one.value       = 48;
                deps_json_one.parentid    = 0;
                deps_json_one.isopen      = true;
                deps_json_one.title       = "Second Item";
                deps_json_one.desc        = "Second memo";
                deps_json_one.bianzhi_num = 16;
    
                depsjsonlist.push_back(deps_json_one);
    
                deps_json_one.id          = 58;
                deps_json_one.key         = 58;
                deps_json_one.value       = 58;
                deps_json_one.parentid    = 48;
                deps_json_one.isopen      = true;
                deps_json_one.title       = "Three Item";
                deps_json_one.desc        = "Three memo";
                deps_json_one.bianzhi_num = 22;
    
                depsjsonlist.push_back(deps_json_one);
    
                psy::department_listoutjson_t depout_data;
    
                array_to_tree<psy::department_outjson_t>(depout_data.data.list, depsjsonlist);
    
                depout_data.code = 0;
                // depout_data.data.list=depsjsonlist; //has array_to_tree
                depout_data.data.total = 0;
    
                std::string jsondep_str = psy::json_encode(depout_data);
    
                psy::department_listoutjson_t new_depout_data;
                psy::json_decode(new_depout_data, jsondep_str);
                std::cout << "data.list:" << depout_data.data.list.size() << std::endl;
                std::cout << "data.list:" << new_depout_data.data.list.size() << std::endl;
    
                std::string jsondep_str_temp = psy::json_encode(new_depout_data);
    
                client << jsondep_str_temp;
                client.out_jsontype();
                return "";
            }
    
            } // namespace http    
            

            //@urlpath(null,testcowaitclient5)
            std::string testhttpclient_cowait_post(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
            {
                httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
                client << "hello world!  test testhttpclient_cowait_body";

                std::shared_ptr<http::client> a = std::make_shared<http::client>();

                a->get("http://www.xxxxxx.net/");
                a->add_header("Connection", "keep-alive");
                a->send();
                if (a->get_status() == 200)
                {
                    //  client << a->getBody();
                    std::cout << "http://www.xxxxxx.net/login.php" << std::endl;
                    a->post("http://www.xxxxxx.net/login.php");
                    a->add_header("Connection", "keep-alive");
                    a->data["user_name"] = "admin";
                    a->data["user_pass"] = "123456";
                    a->data["action"]    = "login";
                    a->send();
                    if (a->get_status() == 200)
                    {
                        //client << a->getBody();
                        std::cout << "http://www.xxxxxx.net/main.php" << std::endl;
                        a->get("http://www.xxxxxx.net/main.php");
                        a->requst_clear();
                        a->add_cookie("PHPSESSID", a->state.cookie["PHPSESSID"]);
                        a->add_header("Connection", "Close");

                        a->send();
                        if (a->get_status() == 200)
                        {
                            std::cout << a->get_body() << std::endl;
                            //client << a->getBody();
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    client << a->error_msg;
                    client << "+++++not content++++";
                }
                return "";
            }
            

            //@urlpath(null,testcowaitclient22)
            asio::awaitable<std::string> testhttpclient22_cowait_body(std::shared_ptr<httppeer> peer)
            {
                httppeer &client = peer->get_peer();
                client << "hello world! co_await test localhost http://127.0.0.1addpost.html ";

                std::shared_ptr<http::client> a = std::make_shared<http::client>();

                a->get("http://127.0.0.1/addpost.html");
                co_await a->async_send();
                if (a->get_status() == 200)
                {
                    client << a->get_body();
                }
                else
                {
                    client << "+++++not content++++";
                }
                co_return "";
            }
            

        mkdir build
        cd build
        cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release #OR cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_GD=ON
        make -j8
        

        sudo apt install systemd-coredump gdb  # Debian/Ubuntu
        

        coredumpctl list
        coredumpctl info
        

coredumpctl gdb 1524

        set logging file thread_info.txt
        set logging enabled on
        thread apply all bt
        set logging enabled off
        

/var/lib/systemd/coredump

Thread 17 (Thread 0x7fd9f16b9640 (LWP 10658)):
                  #0  http::hash_objkey (key="data:image/php;base64,PD9waHAgJE8wME9PMD11cmxkZWNvZGUoIiU3OCUzNCU2My"...) at /www/paozhu/vendor/httpserver/src/request.cpp:54
                  #1  0x000000000060032f in http::obj_val::operator[] (this=0x7fd9cc01e520, key="data:image/php;base64,PD9waHAgJE8wME9PMD11cmxkZWNvZGUoIiU3OCUzNCU2MyU2RiUyRiU3MCUzOSU3OSU3MSU2RSU2NCUyRCU2QyU3MiU2QiU2NCU2NyU1RiU"...) at /www/paozhu/vendor/httpserver/src/request.cpp:315
                  #2  0x00000000005a990c in http::httpparse::procssxformurlencoded (this=0x7fd9b400d370) at /www/paozhu/vendor/httpserver/src/http_parse.cpp:389
                  #3  0x00000000005b1bfa in http::httpparse::process (this=0x7fd9b400d370, buffer=0x2e223c0 "POST /public/static/lib/webuploader/0.1.5/server/preview.php HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www. paozhu.org\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/601.1.46 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/9.0\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"..., buffersize=964) at /www/paozhu/vendor/httpserver/src/http_parse.cpp:2823
                  
        

        # Format: User/Group Type Resource Value
        *               soft    nofile  65535
        *               hard    nofile  65535
        

        Confirm the specific time point when the Out-Of-Memory (OOM) error occurred. 'paozhu' is the process name.
        sudo dmesg -T | grep -C 5 "paozhu"
        OR
        dmesg -T | grep -i "killed process" | grep paozhu
        

        __vm_enough_memory: pid: 1416222, comm: paozhu, not enough memory for the allocation  
        

        #Check the existing Swap space 
        #sudo swapon --show 
        NAME      TYPE SIZE   USED PRIO
        /swap.img file   4G 672.3M   -2

        #Increase the Swap space to 8G or 16G
        # 1. Close the existing Swap file
        sudo swapoff /swap.img

        # 2. Delete the old Swap file
        sudo rm /swap.img

        # 3. Create a new Swap file (taking 8G as an example)
        sudo fallocate -l 8G /swap.img

        # 4. Set security permissions
        sudo chmod 600 /swap.img

        # 5. Format and enable
        sudo mkswap /swap.img
        sudo swapon /swap.img

        #6. Verify the results
        sudo swapon --show
        

        cat /etc/fstab    
        echo '/swap.img none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab    
        

#include "httppeer.h"

void _initauto_control_httpmethodregto(std::map<std::string, regmethold_t> &methodcallback)
{
    // empty implementation
}
// other registration functions similarly cleared

rm -rf models/* schema/* orm/*

rm -rf viewsrc/view/ view/

#ifndef __HTTP_VIEWSRC_ALL_METHOD_H
#define __HTTP_VIEWSRC_ALL_METHOD_H
// ... includes unchanged ...

namespace http { 
namespace view { 

}

}
#endif

namespace http
{
  void _initview_method_regto(VIEW_REG &_viewmetholdreg)
  {
    // empty body
  } 
}

rm -rf controller/include/*
find controller/src -type f ! -name 'testhello.cpp' -delete

cd build && cmake .. && make -j$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)

cd build && cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_BENCHMARK=ON && make -j$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)